m.1. Nicholas WORTLEY, Esq. geb. c. 1400

m.1.  Nicholas, Esq. geb. c. 1400,  oorl. c. 1485 x 1431/2 met Isabella TUNSTALL, geb. c. 1414, Thurland Castle, Lancashire, Engeland, testament, 01/03/1492, proved at York on the 21st of the same month, begr. St Michael and All Angels Churchyard, Thornhill,, Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England, d.v. William Tunstall van Thurland en Anne Parr.

Nicholas was die seun van Nicholas Wortley en Elizabeth Waterton.

(Foster, Joseph:  Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire, Vol. 2, West Riding. London. 1874)

Konflik het gevolg uit die Honderdjarige oorlog en die swak regering van Henry V.  Koning Henry VI, (r.1422-1461) en weer vanaf (r.1470-1471).  Die Wars of the Roses  was 'n reeks dinastiese oorloë vir die troon van Engeland.  Dit was geveg deur die ondersteuners van wedywerende takke van die royal House van Plantagenet, die huise van Lancaster en York. Die gevegte het hoofsaaklik tussen 1455 en 1487 plaasgevind, maar daar was ook gevegte voor en na hierdie tydperk.  Dit het vir Richard, Duke of York aangemoedig om die troon te eis.  York is in 1460 vermoor en sy seun Edward IV (r.1461-1483) het hom opgevolg.  Hy was opgevolg deur sy 12 jarige seun Edward V (nooit gekroon) en daarna deur sy broer Richard III (r.1483-1485).  Die finale oorwinning is deur die Lancastrian, Henry Tudor, behaal, wat die laaste Yorkse koning Richard III, by die Slag van Bosworth Field verslaan het.  Edward IV and Richard III both made a point of hearing cases in the King's Bench, to revive the symbolism of the monarch as righteous judge, but they were the last monarchs to do so.  It was also considered desirable for the courts to sit in the most public and accessible part of the Palace.  http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/westminsterhall/government-and-administration/later-law-courts/  As the King's throne remained permanently in Westminster Hall, it emphasised the source of the courts' authority, especially in the case of the King's Bench.

(http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/building/palace/westminsterhall/government-and-administration/later-law-courts/)

Nicholas trou 1431/2 met Isabella Tunstall.

Dodworth's Yorkshire Notes - The Wapentake of Agbrigg (1884)

At the date of the Norman Conquest (1066) Tunstall was one of the manors in Bentham held by Chetel. In the following century it was included in the Hornby fee held by the Montbegon family who granted a moiety of the lordship of Tunstall to a family, using the local name, who fixed their residence in Tunstall Hall but subsequently changed it to Cantsfield. The other moiety appears to have been in the hands of a family of de Hornby. Later this moiety was acquired by the Tunstalls of Thurland who thus became lords of the whole manor.  William de Tunstall III who succeeded was a minor in 1315, when his wardship was claimed by John, son of Robert de Harrington, and he came of age in 1328 when the Abbot of Croxton claimed a debt of 20 marks from him, in which suit he was described as William son of John son of John. He left a son and heir: William de Tunstall IV who was in possession of the estates in 1359, when a John de Tunstall made a claim against him. He acquired the manors of Over Burrow, Nether Burrow and part of that of Leck in 1370 and obtained a charter of free-warren in his demesne lands in Tunstall, Cantsfield, Burrow, Leck and Newton in 1376. He was knight of the shire in 1384, died in 1387 and his wife Katherine is named in the licence given to his son for founding a chantry in Thurland Castle. His wife Isabel was the wife of Sir Nicholas Harrington. In 1402 he had licence to crenellate his house of Thurland (Thurland Castle) and to enclose 1,000 acres. In 1413 he obtained the wardship of the heir of John de Parr of Kendal, a Thomas de Parr, to whom he married his daughter Alice.  He died in 1415. His family consisted of William, Thomas, Katherine, who married Sir John Pennington, and Alice Tunstall who married Sir Thomas de Parr of Kendal. William Tunstall V had a wife (said to have been a daughter of Parr, in Harleian MS. 1549). He had an only child, Isabel, who in 1432 contracted to marry Sir Nicholas Wortley, of Wortley, Yorkshire. Sir Thomas Tunstall, knight succeeded as heir to his brother William. Before the year 1400 he, or his father had obtained the mesne lordship of the fourth part of the manor of Kirkby Lonsdale. It remained in the Tunstall family until Francis Tunstall, about 1605, sold his Lancashire and Westmorland estates before leaving Thurland.  (Col. W.H. Chippindall's history of the parish of Tunstall: (quotation excerpts, pages 1-25)  Tunstall, (Durham; and Thurland, Yorks, 4th Edw. III) sa three combs ar. Two nd one, crest, a cock ar. Combed, wattled and legged or;  in the mouth a scroll, with the motto, Droit.  (Robson, Thomas: The British herald; or, Cabinet of armorial bearings of the nobility & gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol II. 1850)
 


(Foster, Joseph, Hon. M.A. Oxon:  Some feudal coats of arms, London, 1902)
 
Visitations of the North

(Norcliffe, Charles Best, M.A. of Langton ed.:  The Visitation of Yorkshire in the years 1563 and 1564 made by William Flower, Esquire.  London 1881.)

Margaret, bef 1438 sister of Sir Thomas Wortley married in 1460 to John More of More hall in Bradfield, s.v. Thomas More of More hall and Margaret (21 Hen VII) (Hallamshire: The History and Topography of the Parish of Sheffield : with ... By Joseph Hunter.)  This marriage is cited by antiquarian Joseph Hunter as taken from a Visitation of the More family in Burghope, Herefordshire in 1634 but is not corroborated by pedigrees of the Wortley family. Children:  Thomas MORE ( - ); George MORE ( - );  Margaret MORE (bef1492-1557).

Daar was ten minste vier en twintig ridders in die West Riding in 1400, maar in 1430 was daar slegs twaalf.  'n Paar ridderlike families het in die manlike lyn uitgesterf gedurende die periode.

West Riding Distrainees, 1410-1465.
Distrainees = Eligible knights.  Distrainees were identified not as holders of knights’s fees but as holders of lands worth a certain amount, in case estates worth twenty pounds per annum.  (For Honour and Fame: Chivalry in England, 1066-1500  By Nigel Saul)
John Wortley        Wortley           1410
Nicholas Wortley  Wortley           1439, 1457,  1458,  1465
Richard Wortley    Wortley           1465
(Punshon, Mark Christopher:  Government and political society in the West Riding of Yorkshire 1399 – 1461.  Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philoosophy. The university of York. Department of history. Aug 2002.)

(The Yorkshire Archaeological Journal . http://www.mocavo.com/The-Yorkshire-Archaeological-Journal-Volume-8/953026/38#37)

1433/34: Bond: William Randalph of Horncastell bound to Nicholas Wortley Sen and Nicholas Wortley Jun in 6 marks. (Savile of Rufford: Deeds and Estate Papers – The National archives)

1440/41: Bond: Nicholas Wortley Sen Esq and Nicholas Wortley Jun bound to Ralph Lord Cromwell in £200. (Savile of Rufford: Deeds and Estate Papers – The National archives)

1444. Sept. 21: 23 Henry VI grant by William Brodelegh son of John Brodelegh, to Nicholas Worteley, Esq., James Wodehous, and John Risschworth of Hymyseworth, of all the same premises; (Clay, Charles Travis: Yorkshire Deeds:, Volume 5. P 137)
 
Die eerlike Yeomans van Edward III se tyd is gedemoraliseer deur die langdurige en sombere Honderdjarige Oorlog van 1337-1453 en het in professionele huursoldate verander. Aan die einde van hierdie oorlog, is duisende booswigte in Engeland losgelaat. Terselfdertyd het die mag van feodalisme gekonsentreer geraak in die hande van 'n paar groot lords, wat ryk genoeg en sterk genoeg was om koning-makers te word. (Lancastrianhttp://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/warsoftheroses.htm) In Augustus 1453 het koning Henry VI 'n katastrofiese geestelike ineenstorting gehad. Richard 3rd duke of York het die county as Lord Protector regeer gedurende Henry VI se waansin.
 
Toe konflik ​​tussen die dukes gedurende die Wars of the Roses (1455-1487) ontstaan het, het baie van die gevegte in Yorkshire, waar hulle landgoedere ineengeskakel en verbind was, plaasgevind. Die leading families in die Oos- en Wes-Ridings het die Huis van Lancaster oorweldigend ondersteun, maar in die North Riding was die lojaliteit verdeel. Die Nevilles van Sheriff Hutton en Middleham, die Scropes van Bolton, die Latimers van Danby en Snape en die Mowbrays van Thirsk en Burton in Lonsdale het die House of York ondersteun.   Die Nevelles se grootste mededingers, die Percies, saam met die Cliffords van Skipton, Ros van Helmsley, Greystock van Hinderskelfe, Stafford van Holderness en Talbot van Sheffield het vir die Lancastrians geveg. John of Gaunt, 1ste Hertog van Lancaster het invloed oor baie mense in die noorde van Engeland gehad en Yorkshiremen het onder sy bevel in die Honderdjarige Oorlog geveg. Die ontbinde huursoldate van die Honderdjarige Oorlog het aan enige kant aangesluit, en het voortgegaan met die slegte gewoontes van die Franse oorloë deur die platteland te plunder, met moord en geweld, waar hulle ook al gegaan het. (Lancastrian http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/warsoftheroses.htm)


Map of the Wars of the Roses.  (http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/rosesmap2.jpg)

In that pleasant district of merry England which is watered by the river Don, there extended in ancient times a large forest, covering the greater part of the beautiful hills and valleys which lie between Sheffield and the pleasant town of Doncaster. The remains of this extensive wood are still to be seen at the noble seats of Wentworth, of Warncliffe Park, and around Rotherham. Here were fought many of the most desperate battles during the Civil Wars of the Roses(1455 – 1487); and here also flourished in ancient times those bands of gallant outlaws, whose deeds have been rendered so popular in English song.” (Walter Scott, Ivanhoe. (andyhemingwat.wordpress.com)

1454, The manor of Newhall: Indenture: Lease:  Nicholas Wortlay [Wortley] Esq of Newhall in Sitlington and Isabella his wife with consent of John Banester tenant, to John Catlyn, mason, tenement and lands in manor of Newhall and Miggelay at 4 marks p.a. for 40 years. [TNA DD/SR/209/88 1454] (http://midgleywebpages.com/new hall.html)

1456. June 20.  34 Henry VI.   Grant by Richard Pek son of John Pek of Southourom to Nicholas Worteley, esq., Thomas Wylkynson, vicar of Halyfax, John Sayvill of Copley, John Ryshworth of Coldeley, and John Stansfeld, of all the messuages, lands and tenements, meadows, woods, pastures, rents and services, which he lately had of the grant and feoffment of the said Nicholas together with James Wodhous and John Ryshworth of Hymmysworth. (Clay, Charles Travis ed.:  Yorkshire Deeds:, Volume 5. P. 138)

Die verband is vermoedelik afbetaal en Worteley, Wodehous, en Risschworth vir wie Brodelegh voorheen enfeoffed het, het die perseel aan Pek, toegestaan soos uiteengesit in die volgende akte. (Clay, Charles Travis ed.:  Yorkshire Deeds:, Volume 5. P. 138)

1458-9.  Jan, 4.  Grant by Nicholas Worteley esq., Thomas Wylkynson, vicar of Halifax, John Sayvyll of Coplay, John Rysshworth of Coldley, and John Stansfeld, to Thomas Neylson, citizen and merchant of York of all the messuages, lands and tenements, meadows, woods, pastures, rents and services, which they lately had jointly of the grant and feoffment of Richard Pek younger son of John Pek, in the vill and territory of Southourom, and which formerly belonged to William Brodeleih of Shepedeyn.  (Clay, Charles Travis ed.:  Yorkshire Deeds:, Volume 5. P.139)

Darfield Deed 1462:  Settlement by William Norton of Bylburgh (Bilbrough) to Nicholas Wortlay, Robert Nevill, John Wodrove, Thomas Everingam, esqs., and John Nevill of Leversege (Liversedge) of his manor of Newhall with all his lands etc in Derfeld (Darfield), Wombuelhill (Wombwell), Edyrthorp (Edderthorpe), Mylnhous (Millhouses) and Midylwood (Middlewood) formerly the property of John Bosewell father of William Bosewell, with a piece of land called Elyntreflatt at Ederslay (Ardsley), for the lives of Henry Langton and Isabella his wife, and after their deaths, the manor etc. to go to Edward fitz William, Robert Roclyff, John Dawnay and John Bosewell, clerk, in fee simple. Witnesses; John Sotell, esq., Adamer Burdhed, Thomas Ann, Richard Syms, William Taillor, etc. Dated 20 August 1462.  (ref. SY 293/Z/4/1)

26 September 1469:  Grant by Alexander Drax, son and heir of Robert Drax to Thomas Wortley, son and heir of Nicholas Wortley,  esquire, Joh Woderove, Henry Sothill, Thomas Everyngam, Nicholas Mounteney, Robert Barneby, esquires, Sir William de Barneby, vicar of a mediety of the church of Darfeld, and John Lake, their heirs and assigns, of the manor of Wodehalle with all the appurtenances exept the advowson of a mediety of a church of Darfeld. He also granted to the same parties all other his lands, tenements, rents and services with all the appurtenances, which he has in the vills of Wodehall, Darffeld, Wombwell, Worsburgth and Ardyslay, together with the reversion of his manor of Collone, with their appurtenances, and of all other his lands and tenements in Crome, Wodehall and Darffeld… Dated at Wodehall, 9 Edw. IV. (Abstracts of the Chartularies of the Priory of Monkbretton  edited by John William Walker)

Dit wil voorkom asof die militêre veldtogte van die laat 1450s en vroeë 1460's bygedra het tot die herlewing van ridderskap.  'n Paar esquires uit die Riding het ridderskap ontvang na die slag van Wakefield op 30 Desember 1460, waartydens Richard of York dood is en sy seun Edward IV (r.1461-1470) hom opgevolg het. Teen 1461 was daar ongeveer twintig ridders in die Riding.  

Wortley Village   Yorks W.R. 132    Sir J. Wortley of W. > Sir Thos (eldest son  GLOS. By ‘82
                           YKS W.R. 132    Wortley of Wortley      Sir John (Father
                           YKS W.R. 132    Wortley of Wortley      Sir Thos. (eldest son)  GLOS (prob by 1482
(Jones, Michael Ryan, Dr.:  Wars of the Roses.  A Gazetteer- Part. 2)

1470.  Henry VI is restored to the throne of England by Richard Nevill, earl of Warwick, the “kingmaker”  Edward IV regeer weer van 11 April 1471 tot sy dood in 1483.

1475.  Alhoewel die Honderdjarige oorlog amptelik oor was in 1453 was Engeland en Frankryk steeds formally at war vir die volgende 20 jaar.  Payments of one quarter's wages to sir John Ferrers, Walter Hungerforde, sir John Maulyverer, and 102 others, engaged to serve the K. in the war with France.  O. xi. 844. H. v. p. iii. 56.  Nicholao Wortley pro uno Homine ad Arma & pro ij Sagittariis, xjl. vijs. vjd.  (Rymer, Thomas, ed.:  'Rymer's Foedera with Syllabus: January-February 1475', in Rymer's Foedera Volume 11, (London, 1739-1745), pp. 842-852)

John Cutler, who resided at Wortley in Yorkshire, with his kinsman, Sir Nicholas Wortley, was standard bearer (vaandeldraers) in the wars of the Roses (1455-1487).   (Burke, John:  A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great ..., Volume 4) John Cutler, thought to originate from the Midlands, was a standard bearer for Sir Nicholas Wortley during the Wars of the Roses in the late 1400’s. Following the Wars he returned to the district with Sir Nicholas and became a tenant farmer at Rockley Old Hall, Worsbrough. (http://www.silkstonereflects.co.uk/PDF/Cutler%20Booklet-2%20Paul.pdf)

1485/86:   Appointment of attorney: Nicholas Wortley, son of Nicholas Wortley Esq, and Isabella  his wife appoint John Skyres to receive seizin of 1 messuage in Bough and 1 messuage in Shefeld.  (Nottinghamshire Archives)

Daar bestaan nie baie inligting oor die kerk van Wortley gedurende die jare 1318 en 1600 nie.  In the will of Nicholas de Wortley in 1485 there is a bequest of 20 shillings for „ fábricae Ecc/es: de Wortley “- to the building of the Church of Wortley — which can be assumed to mean a grant to the “Repair Fund” of the church.  (St. Leonard’s Wortley church, Wortley)

Isabel Tunstall het haar man oorleef en op 1 Maart 1491-2 maak sy haar testament op Newhall which was proved at York on the 21st of the same month en vra om in die kerk van St. Michael op Thornhill begrawe te word.  Sy laat aan haar seun Nicholas (die jonger broer van Sir Thomas 10/.  Aan Ralph Barnby, haar kneg, 10 mark.  Aan Joan Eland en Thomas Store, haar knegte en Peter Eameher chaplain, elk 20s.  Die res gaan aan Thomas Wortley, haar seun en eksekuteur.  (Full text of "Testamenta eboracensia; or, Wills registered at York, illustrative of the history, manners, language, statistics, &c., of the province of York, from the year 1300 downwards")


Kinders:

n.1.  Effame, geb. 1432 in Wortley, Yorks, Engeland;  x 1453 met Thomas COPLEY; geb. c. 1428 in Doncaster, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. c. 1453, Doncaster, Yorkshire, England, s.v. Sir Richard de Copley of Batley en Elizabeth Harington.

n.2.  Thomas, geb. 1433, iWortley, Yorkshire, England, oorl. 08/08/1514, begr. Hemsworth, x 31/03/1463 met Catherine FITZWILLIAM, geb. c. 1447, oorl. 1474, d.v. Sir William Fitzwilliam van Sprotborough and Emley en Elizabeth Chaworth,  xx  04/06/1479 met Joan BALDERSTON, d.v.  William Balderston of Balderston, Lancashire en Margaret Stanley, xxx  23/05/1491 met Elizabeth FITZWILLIAM,  d.v. Sir Richard Fitzwilliam of Aldwark en Elizabeth Clarell.

n.3.  John, geb. 1435, Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland.

n.4.  Robert, geb.  1437, Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland.

n.5.  Nicholas, Esq. geb. c. 1439,  Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. 25/12/1492,  begr. Parish church South Kirkby x 10/01/1485/6 (by dispensation) met Isabel OSBALDESTON, geb. 1464; d.v. John Osbaldeston (1427-1475) en Elizabeth Balderstone 1431 -)  Kind:  Nicholas.

n.6.  Jane, geb. c. 1441, Wortley, Yorkshire, England, oorl  voor 1480, trou c. 1468, Wortley, met  Sir Richard WOODRUFF, geb.  c. 1436, Woolley, Yorkshire, Engeland, oorl. 1522, Sheriff of York,  s.v. John Woodruffe en Elizabeth Hammerton;

n.7.  Muriel,  geb. 1443, Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland x Peter FRECHEVILLE, of Staveley.

n.8.  Elizabeth,  geb. 1445, Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland x John BOSVILE of Ardsley & Newhall Yorkshire,  s.v. Thomas Bosvile & Isabel Hastinges of Fenwyke.

n.9.  Joan,  geb. 1447, Wortley, Yorkshire x 1456 met Alexander DRAX, 1427-1501, s.v. Robert Drakes en Elnor Rockley of Rockley.

n.10.  Isabel, geb. 1449,  Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland x Robert MOUNTENEY of Cowley.

n.11. Cecily, geb. 1451, Wortley, Yorkshire, Engeland x Mr. EYRE of Padley.